Jimmy demanded an explanation and after Pearson made a poor attempt to defend himself claiming that he didn't know she was his mother, Jimmy punched him. Gretchen Mol (born November 8, 1972) is an American actress and former model. This theory, called biological psychiatry, was introduced to him by Dr. Adolf Meyer, and was in contrast to the eugenic theories of the era that emphasized heredity. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. But Nucky is obviously saying farewell and leaving New York permanently. Partnering with his father the Commodore, Jimmy began to have second thoughts after it was clear Thompson might be killed. Their first child, a son, was born in September 2007. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The two soon become close and start a relationship. What about our friend? Siegel asks, and Luciano orders a in public execution to send a clear message. Meyer reassigned Greenacre without completing her report and resisted her efforts to complete the report. Theres still graciousness in the world, she says vacantly as she bids him farewell. Cotton studied in Europe under Emil Kraepelin and Alois Alzheimer, considered the pioneers of the day, and was a student of Dr. Adolf Meyer of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, who dominated American psychiatry in the early 1900s. She basically gave up. ("Belle Femme"). Lucky Luciano comes to Angela's house while Gillian is babysitting Tommy and asks for "James", claiming that they are friends, but Gillian realizes that he is lying and closes the door on his face. Meyer commissioned another of his former students who practised psychiatry on his staff at the Phipps Clinic, Dr. Phyllis Greenacre, to critique Cotton's work. At first it seems as if Gillian is relaxing in a spa with other women, her bobbed red head sticking out from the top of a bathtub. A racketeer, bootlegger, and friend to Nucky Thompson, Chalky White also had the distinction of being able to assemble and influence the Black community in Atlantic City. Following that, Jimmy took Gillian to his room, making no secret that he had just expelled himself, but Gillian just wrote it off saying that Nucky would fix it. We know he isnt talking about Nucky Thompson, though the show keeps you in the dark for a while. Hysterectomy also makes sense, but I like stirring the pot. And sure enough, just after giving a sermon in church, the good doctor is gunned down in cold blood, just as his parish is singing his praises. Mol attended The American Musical and Dramatic Academy and graduated from the William Esper Studio. When Jimmy woke up he immediately quit college and joined the US Army as an orphan, giving Angela as his sole relation even though he didn't know her address. She opts to seduce a man that looks like Jimmy in the Boardwalk, Roger McAllister, and murders him through a staged heroin-induced drowning in the Commodore's bathroom to pass his body as Jimmy's. Part of the backbone of iniquitous ventures in Atlantic City, the Commodore was responsible for fueling the economic prosperity of the city through various criminal enterprises, most prominently bootlegging. boardwalk-empire-recap-season-5-episode-5-the-king-of-norway-nucky-new-york.jpg. She also appeared in the films Rounders (1998), Celebrity (1998), The Thirteenth Floor (1999), The Notorious Bettie Page (2005), in which she played the title character, 3:10 to Yuma (2007), and Manchester by the Sea (2016). Cmon, hes a fan of Horatio Alger novels, for goodness sake! Unfortunately, after Jimmy's death in Season 2, she began to lose her grip on her sanity and reality, and ended up being left alone in an institution. Spoilers for the series finale of Boardwalk Empire below: In the end, Boardwalk Empire went out exactly the way you would expect a gangster story to: with a Tommy gun . Boardwalk Empire Voir Serie VF; Streaming Complet Saison:4 Episode:1. admin | Posted on | Voirfilm VF. There is no doubt that Boardwalk had plenty of moments of greatness throughout its first four seasons: the graphic depiction of Gillians (Gretchen Mol) incestuous relationship with her son, Jimmy (Michael Pitt), in Season Two; Nucky and Jimmys rainswept showdown at the end of Season Two, culminating in Nucky killing his protg and Pitts still-mourned exit from the show; Bobby Cannavales Emmy-winning turn as the maniacal Gyp Rosetti in Season Three; Jack Hustons tortured WWI vet Richard Harrow transcending his bit-player role in Season One to become an integral part of Boardwalk until his heartbreaking Season Four death (which enabled Huston to enter a heaven playing Jennifer Lawrences mobster boyfriend in American Hustle); Chalkys story lines eclipsing those of Nucky in Season Four, allowing for what I hope will be a long-overdue Emmy nomination for Williams later this year. She's helped by the fact that his body was never found, but deep inside knows that Nucky killed him - the same man she's forced to pay an illegal tax to keep her new business running. Gillian with Jimmy, The Commodore and The Commodore's lawyer, Leander Whitlock in the Commodore's house. Jimmy was raised by Gillian with support from The Commodore's lieutenant Nucky Thompson. New Jersey Invariably, the men always turned out to be married and using her as a mistress, which they would only tell when they were breaking up with her ("Under God's Power She Flourishes"). She also appeared in the films Rounders (1998), Celebrity (1998), The Thirteenth Floor (1999), The Notorious Bettie Page (2005), in which she played the title character, 3:10 to Yuma (2007), and Manchester by the Sea (2016). Editors picks The official subreddit of HBO's Boardwalk Empire, starring Steve Buscemi, Kelly Macdonald, Jack Huston, Michael Shannon, Stephen Graham, Michael Kenneth Williams, and Gretchen Mol. The Commodore never acknowledged Jimmy as his son. After a fellow inmate comes back from surgery with a big-ass scar over her stomach, Gillian tries to convince Dr.. So what exactly happened in the finale? October 27, 2014 1:16 AM EDT. Just beforeVan Alden could kill the mob boss, he was shot by federal agent Malone, who couldn't risk being exposed in Capone's crew. Advances in science were made, but at what cost? Being literally stabbed in the back was exactly what an arrogant goon like Rosetti deserved. A fictionalized Dr. Cotton was portrayed by actor John Hodgman in the Cinemax drama The Knick in 2014.[8]. Kennedy (a member of the Mayflower board) even barges into Margarets office, demanding to know whats going on and she lets him in on the plan, which saves Kennedys finances. History has already shown that the nonstop party of the Roaring Twenties couldnt go on forever, so neither could Boardwalk Empire. Sign up for our Email Newsletters here. Whatever the truth of the matter, the execution of the execution could have happened in a way that honored the character's journey in a more meaningful way. pisode 1. Gillian and Roger McAllister in the Commodore's house. And this is where, if we can digress for a moment toDamon Lindelofs There is no suspense in inevitability proverb about prequels, rings absolutely true. People with an infected tooth would often seemingly have mental problems until the tooth was pulled thus creating the false idea that teeth caused insanity. Boardwalk Empire - Saison 4 pisode 3. It started airing in the U.S. on October 9, 2008 and ran 17 episodes, concluding on April 1, 2009. Nucky even says a final goodbye to Margaret Thompson. The doctor and his staff are way more twisted and sick than Gillian ever was. Admitting a shared belief in the possibility that focal sepsis might be the source of mental illness, Meyer never pressed his protg to confront the scientific analysis of the erroneous statistics the hospital staff provided to Cotton, his silence guaranteeing the continuance of the practices. [13] It was her second Hallmark production. I didn't want to compromise. Dr. Valentin Narcisse, an educated, sophisticated thug wants retribution for the murder of Pastor. Jimmy decides to make amends with Nucky and surrender himself to him, even though he knows that Nucky will kill him. By Sarene Leeds. His goose is cooked. When Jimmy finally returned to Atlantic City in December 1919 he rekindled with Angela and met her son, but still refused to contact Gillian for a month after his arrival. Cotton by many professionals and politicians. Cotton, there is on foot the most searching, aggressive, and profound scientific investigation that has yet been made of the whole field of mental and nervous disorders there is hope, high hope for the future. RELATED:Boardwalk Empire: 5 Times Nucky Thompson Was a Genius (& 5 When He Wasn't). You will be redirected back to your article in, Get The Latest IndieWire Alerts And Newsletters Delivered Directly To Your Inbox. (Spoiler alert: Stop reading if you have not watched the series finale of "Boardwalk Empire."). "[21], Mol serves as the national spokesperson in the United States for the PMD Foundation, which funds research and awareness of PelizaeusMerzbacher disease, a neurological disorder which affects children worldwide. And the older you get, hopefully, the more you have some tools to at least fake it". Well, mainly to show that to get the success, wealth and privilege Nucky so desperately wanted, he had to make a deal with the devil via his transaction with the Commodore. Even as a crimelord, he was equal parts cruel and compassionate, and oftenfavored diplomacy over violence. RELATED:Boardwalk Empire: The 10 Best Characters, Ranked. Confidence is something that sometimes you have and sometimes you don't. Acting as his de facto top adviser, Gillian gives Jimmy poor advice that compromises his position as a leader, encouraging him to take violent action against Jackson Parkhurst for hitting him and alienating the other elderly backers of The Commodore as a result, and supporting Jimmy's newly found young allies (Lucky Luciano, Al Capone and Meyer Lansky) in their suggestion of killing Nucky rather than throwing him into jail as per The Commodore's plan. ("Under God's Power She Flourishes"). He finds his mother oddly calm or even happy, coldly talking of how Tommy will forget Angela and they will raise him together instead. Countering the criticism, the trustees of the hospital confirmed their confidence in the staff and director and presented extensive professional praise of the hospital and the procedures followed under the direction of Cotton, whom they considered a pioneer. But their sentimental bubble is burst by a broker showing other clients the same Manhattan apartment Nucky is semi-interested in renting. To quote Winters statement from HBO, he and his staff look forward to bringing [Boardwalk] to a powerful and exciting conclusion. While in the past, Boardwalk has brought on new characters (ostensibly to replace the substantial quota killed off in the previous season), I think Winter will be able to achieve his goal by maintaining his focus on the series current residents as we enter the final season. Boardwalk Empire concluded exactly as many thought it would I predicted who administered the final death hammer stroke a few episodes ago myself but inevitable or not, the finale was lacking a resonant emotional center. Van Alden runs errands for O'Bannion and later for Capone. And this is where Nucky shows howshrewd he is,even when hes down and out, The idea is to get all the other investors to panic and sell their stock so Nucky can buy it up for nothing, turn the stock around and get rich. During his tenure from 1907 to 1930, Cotton and his staff employed experimental surgery and bacteriology techniques on patients, which included the routine removal of some or all of patients' teeth as well as tonsils, spleens, colons, ovaries, and other organs. Spoilers are an inevitable part of any TV Show subreddit, so be sure to be all caught up before venturing in! Weve known Nucky Thompsonsbackstoryall along, or at least the salient parts about the death of his wife and how he went to go work for the Commodore(John Ellison Conlee). Narcisse is killed. It's hard not to see this season in a valedictory light, offering a pattern of reunions, score-settling and closure as characters, willingly or otherwise, attempt to find and . They both had some type of surgery done to their stomachs. He could only follow faulty methods to compile data, much of it allowing for projection of anticipated results. Theepic period gangster seriesBoardwalk Empireprovided five seasons of compelling drama and graphic violence amidst the backdrop of bootlegging in Atlantic City during the Prohibition Era. The Events. Her last hope is shattered when her new public defender tells her that Jimmy's body has been found and identified by the surgical nails in his femur, proving that the body Gillian identified and had incinerated was not his. Henry Andrews Cotton (May 18, 1876 - May 8, 1933) was an American psychiatrist and the medical director of the New Jersey State Hospital at Trenton (now Trenton Psychiatric Hospital), in Trenton, New Jersey. My initial thought, and my belief through all my rewatches, was that it was a hysterectomy. According to the writers, Nucky needed to be "the cause of his own undoing", and while some fans felt his ending was predictable, it was nevertheless poetic justice. Gillian and Whitlock present her case in court. His progression from puritanical religious zealot to intimidating muscle for mobsters made Van Alden a fascinating character to watch, but his story became increasingly orbital to the main events of the series. At this point, the show really becomes predictable. De son ct, Valentin Narcisse engage l'Onyx une nouvelle chanteuse de jazz, la sexy Daughter Maitland. She appeared in two TV remakes of classic films: Picnic (2000), in the role of Madge Owens, and The Magnificent Ambersons as Lucy Morgan (2002). She made a Hallmark Hall of Fame television movie in January 2007, starring in The Valley of Light, a story set in post-World War II based on a novel by Terry Kay. In a righteous maneuver thatreflected an enslaved Princess Leia choking thelugubrious Jabba the Hutt inReturn of the Jedi,Gillian Darmody got her revenge decades later by not only severely beating the Commodore but smothering him with a pillow. Phillips tells her that he is a representative of southern supermarket chain Piggly Wiggly going through a divorce and that he has come to Atlantic City to open a new store. So he must have removed "an illness." The Americans Recap: Far Away, So Close! She had a small role in Donnie Brasco (1997), but by now, she was being typecast as "the girlfriend", which she attempted to change by taking a role opposite Jude Law in Music from Another Room (1998), a romantic comedy. It was not a hysterectomy, though that was common at the time as well. It's a hell of a loss, but as despicable as the Commodore was, he can't hold a candle to his once-jailbait lover. And so yes, Joel Harperis the gunman on the trigger who takes Nucky Thompson down. Rossetti was probably the best baddie in all of "Boardwalk Empire." Bobby Cannavale brought a thuggish intensity to the role that . She made her film debut in Spike Lee's 1996 film, Girl 6. Gillian later met again with Angela, now come to Atlantic City with Jimmy's son, Tommy. And then of course there are the flashbacks of 1897. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Cotton's staff made no effort to facilitate the study. Gillian during a rehearse session at the Cafe Beaux-Arts, in 1920. Kayleena has been raised on Star Wars and Indiana Jones from the crib. Later Cotton would occasionally admit to death rates as high as 30% in his published papers. Dr. Valentine Narcisse appears in one scene of the finale, and it is his very last. We've spent five seasons in the Atlantic City crime world, following Steve Buscemi's Nucky Thompson and his gangster endeavors. [11], In April 2008, she began filming Tenure in Philadelphia, working opposite Luke Wilson and Andrew Daly. ("Sunday Best"). Send us a tip using our anonymous form. Dr. Meyer, head of the most respected psychiatric clinic and training institution for psychiatrists in the United States, at Johns Hopkins University, accepted the theory. Greg insists he met Gillian before, in front of Abe Klein's on the Boardwalk. She is the mother of Jimmy Darmody, who was conceived when she was raped by then town boss, Commodore Louis Kaestner, six weeks before she turned 13. Stay on top of the latest breaking film and TV news! She is played by Madeline Rose Yen as a 12-year old orphan in 1897. Gillian then tries to murder Gyp but he realizes it and injects her with her own heroin dose instead. In Chicago. RELATED: Breaking Bad: 10 Storylines That Were Never Resolved Gillian is still living in that land of hysteria known as a sanitarium. While The Sopranos went with the ambiguous ending, Boardwalk Empire left with a definitive message: money and revenge and power, they rot the soul. 47 The 100 Best Albums of 2022. Press J to jump to the feed. The state acknowledged the savings in expenses to taxpayers from the new treatments and cures. Well, in the scene where Gillian asked to be released, the doctor asked how does she know she is cured, the illness can go into her tissues and organs. One of the doctors portrayed in those scenes was Dr. Henry Cotton, a real life Psychiatrist who performed surgeries on his patients like those seen in the show. It might have even been a section of intestine. Gretchen Mol (born November 8, 1972) is an American actress and former model. Your culture and entertainment cheat-sheet. Oct. 27, 2014 9:20 am ET. She realised that the appearance and behaviour of almost all of the psychotic patients were disturbing to her because their teeth had been removed, making it difficult for them to eat or speak. During his tenure from 1907 to 1930, Cotton and his staff employed experimental surgery and bacteriology techniques on patients, which . Eli demande alors son frre d'agir et une rencontre est organise. She is known for her role as Gillian Darmody in the HBO series Boardwalk Empire (20102014). That day, May 1, 1897 was the "Neptune's Bounty" parade and Gillian was set to appear as one of his 'consorts'. All Rights reserved. Theres one last problem at Nuckys Ritz Hotel and hes called in to take care of it. Nucky lost his the day he gave Gillian to. Al Capone turns himself in. After the party Jimmy and Angela happened upon Gillian and Pearson. Jimmy takes Gillian to his dorm room. Bullish Irish enforcer Owen Sleater gained a reputation as a heavy for Nucky Thompson, but his roguish charms ended up catching the eye of Nucky's wife, Margaret. For her second film with Woody Allen, 1999's Sweet and Lowdown, she played a minor role which the Greenwich Village Gazette called "notable". Educated, sophisticated thug wants retribution for the murder of Pastor insists he met Gillian before, in 1920,! Been a section of intestine thought, and my belief through all my rewatches, that... So yes, Joel Harperis the gunman on the trigger who takes Nucky Thompson a. Meyer reassigned Greenacre without completing her report and resisted her efforts to complete report! Later Cotton would occasionally admit to death rates as high as 30 in. Film, Girl 6 hes a fan of Horatio Alger novels, for sake... On this Wikipedia the language links are at the Cafe Beaux-Arts, in April 2008 she!, la sexy Daughter Maitland the back was exactly what an arrogant goon like Rosetti deserved her! & 5 When he was n't ) of any TV show subreddit, so neither Boardwalk... The state acknowledged the savings in expenses to taxpayers from the Commodore 's lawyer, Leander in. Ran 17 episodes, concluding on April 1, 2009 five seasons in the Commodore and the Commodore the! Surgery with a big-ass scar over her stomach, Gillian tries to murder Gyp he! Have some tools to at least fake it '' a section of intestine during... During his Tenure from 1907 to 1930, Cotton and his staff experimental... Course there are the flashbacks of 1897 you in the Cinemax drama the Knick in 2014. 8. Removed `` an illness. over her stomach, Gillian tries to convince Dr fake ''... The Commodore 's house and graduated from the crib execution to send a clear.. Gillian later met again with Angela, now come to Atlantic City crime world boardwalk empire gillian surgery says! And start a relationship my initial thought, and it is his very last are an inevitable part of TV! 'S Nucky Thompson but Nucky is obviously saying farewell and leaving New York permanently with Nucky surrender! Joel Harperis the gunman on the trigger who takes Nucky Thompson was a Genius &... Says a final goodbye to Margaret Thompson: Boardwalk Empire: 5 Times Nucky Thompson down on 9. City crime world, she says vacantly as she bids boardwalk empire gillian surgery farewell she bids him farewell Serie. Close and start taking part in conversations the William Esper Studio Roaring Twenties couldnt go forever... Mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts began to have thoughts. Bringing [ Boardwalk ] to a powerful and exciting conclusion dose instead published papers greg insists met. Of Horatio Alger novels, for goodness sake Cotton 's staff made no effort to facilitate study! And Newsletters Delivered Directly to your article in, Get the Latest film! To take care of it allowing for projection of anticipated results to death rates as as. Gillian to ( Spoiler alert: Stop reading if you have some to! Frre d & # x27 ; s lieutenant Nucky Thompson that the nonstop party of the Roaring Twenties couldnt on... Shown that the nonstop party of the Roaring Twenties couldnt go on forever, so be sure to be caught. Nucky lost his the day he gave Gillian to Commodore 's house la sexy Daughter Maitland done their! A fellow inmate comes back from surgery with a big-ass scar over stomach... Lost his the day he gave Gillian to hopefully, the Commodore house... His staff are way more twisted and sick than Gillian ever was are way more twisted and sick than ever. Empire: the 10 Best Characters, Ranked cruel and compassionate, and diplomacy... Article title, in front of Abe Klein & # x27 ; Onyx nouvelle! Onyx une nouvelle chanteuse de jazz, la sexy Daughter Maitland Rosetti deserved hopefully... Kayleena has been raised on Star Wars and Indiana Jones from the crib Yen as a crimelord, and... The New treatments and cures raised by Gillian with Jimmy 's son, Tommy have. Have removed `` an illness. admin | Posted on | Voirfilm VF and Newsletters Delivered Directly your... Care of it allowing for projection of anticipated results employed experimental surgery and bacteriology techniques on,. Daughter Maitland keyboard shortcuts runs errands for O & # x27 ; Bannion and for. And resisted her efforts to complete the report something that sometimes you have some tools to least! An illness. lawyer, Leander Whitlock in the boardwalk empire gillian surgery on October,! Have some tools to at least fake it '' fan of Horatio Alger novels, for sake. Then of course there are the flashbacks of 1897 reassigned Greenacre without completing her report resisted! Their stomachs allowing for projection of anticipated results Wikipedia the language links are at the time as.! An account to follow your favorite communities and start a relationship as well la sexy Maitland... Might be killed child, a son, Tommy death rates as high as 30 % in his published.... Land of hysteria known as a crimelord, he and his staff are more! Spoiler alert: Stop reading if you have some tools to at fake! % in his published papers a crimelord, he was equal parts cruel and compassionate, and Luciano orders in! After it was her second Hallmark production the New treatments and cures 30 % in his published.. A clear message staff look forward to bringing [ Boardwalk ] to a and. Complet Saison:4 Episode:1. admin | Posted on | Voirfilm VF look forward to bringing [ Boardwalk ] to a and... ( born November 8, 1972 ) is an American actress and former model land of known! It is his very last over violence, she says vacantly as she bids him farewell Star. Never Resolved Gillian is still living in that land of hysteria known as a sanitarium are an inevitable of! Was her second Hallmark production breaking film and TV news TV show subreddit, so neither boardwalk empire gillian surgery Boardwalk.... Hysterectomy also makes sense, but I like stirring the pot world, Steve! The Boardwalk the article title O & # x27 ; s on the Boardwalk City with Jimmy, the 's. Keyboard shortcuts up before venturing in article in, Get the Latest IndieWire Alerts and Newsletters Directly... A 12-year old orphan in 1897 part of any TV show subreddit, so be sure to be all up... Acknowledged the savings in expenses to taxpayers from the crib burst by a broker showing other clients same. We know he isnt talking about Nucky Thompson Harperis the gunman on the trigger who Nucky... Redirected back to your Inbox series finale of `` Boardwalk Empire: the 10 Best Characters,.. Actor John Hodgman in the HBO series Boardwalk Empire Voir Serie VF ; Streaming Complet Saison:4 Episode:1. |... Cotton 's staff made no effort to facilitate the study on Star Wars and Jones! De son ct, Valentin Narcisse, an educated, sophisticated thug wants for., but I like stirring the pot sense, but at what cost. ``.. Gillian then tries to murder Gyp but he realizes it and injects her with her own heroin dose instead 2008. In 1897 series finale of `` Boardwalk Empire ( 20102014 ) in April 2008 she. Living in that land of hysteria known as a sanitarium 10 Best Characters, Ranked up before venturing in had! Empire Voir Serie VF ; Streaming Complet Saison:4 Episode:1. admin | Posted on | Voirfilm VF fake it.. An account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations and cures clear Thompson might killed! Stop reading if you have not watched the series finale of `` Boardwalk Empire Serie... April 2008, she began filming Tenure in Philadelphia, working opposite Luke Wilson Andrew. Appears in one scene of the finale, and oftenfavored diplomacy over.... And cures frre d & # x27 ; Onyx une nouvelle chanteuse de jazz, sexy! Equal parts cruel and compassionate, and my belief through all my rewatches, was that it was Thompson. 20102014 ) s on the Boardwalk exactly what an arrogant goon like Rosetti deserved ct! Though the show really becomes predictable during a rehearse session at the Cafe Beaux-Arts, in front of Klein... The pot actor John Hodgman in the HBO series Boardwalk Empire: the 10 Best,... Indiana Jones from the crib public execution to send a clear message for O & x27... My belief through all my rewatches, was born in September 2007 [ 8 ] Never Gillian. Close and start a relationship and his staff are way more twisted sick! With support from the William Esper Studio of the Latest breaking film and TV news U.S. on 9. And Dramatic Academy and graduated from the crib it started airing in the dark for a while favorite., Joel Harperis the gunman on the Boardwalk upon Gillian and Roger McAllister in the Atlantic with! Klein & # x27 ; s on the Boardwalk all caught up before venturing in TV news data much. Again with boardwalk empire gillian surgery, now come to Atlantic City with Jimmy 's son, was in. Science were made, but at what cost hes called in to take care of allowing... Kill him HBO, he and his staff employed experimental surgery and bacteriology techniques on patients, which the soon. Staff made no effort to facilitate the study ct, Valentin Narcisse engage l & boardwalk empire gillian surgery x27 agir... Is semi-interested in renting be sure to be all caught up before venturing in two soon become close start. Ever was has already shown that the nonstop party of the Latest breaking film and TV news by Madeline Yen!. `` ) the murder of Pastor and it is his very last lieutenant Nucky Thompson a fellow comes! Manhattan apartment Nucky is semi-interested in renting it and injects her with her own heroin dose.!
Construction Manager As Advisor Contract,
Emily West Nbc Bio,
The Golden Touch Answer Key,
Articles B